Intra-uterine device (IUD)
An intra-uterine device (IUD) is a small plastic object that, contains either copper or a hormone. It works in two ways:
- by stopping the sperm reaching an egg
- preventing a fertilised egg from attaching to the lining of the uterus.
Things to consider
- It is very convenient and cheap because it lasts up to 10 years.
- The effectiveness may be slightly lower after 5 years depending on the type of IUD.
- It can be removed at any time, with fertility returning quickly for most people.
- You must visit a doctor or health service to have it fitted.
- The IUD may not be suitable for some people.
- There can be pain or discomfort when it is inserted.
- Some people can get pain from time to time after it is in place.
- It may cause irregular bleeding or painful periods. If this happens, see your doctor.
- It may cause periods to be heavier with more cramps.
- If you have any unusual bleeding or pain, see your doctor or health service.
- Each month you must check that the IUD is still in place. Your doctor will show you how to do this.
- Pelvic infection, which could lead to infertility in the future can be a risk for some people. The highest risk of infection is the first 3 weeks after insertion. It is a good idea to have tests for sexually transmitted infections at the time of insertion to minimize this risk.
- The cost of an IUD, plus a doctor’s visit may be a lot to pay at one time.
- If there is any chance you are pregnant, you must see your doctor, as there could be complications such as miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy.
- Some IUDs, called intra-uterine system (IUS) also contain a slow releasing progestogen. These are more expensive, but may be suitable for people who have very heavy periods.
- IUDs are very effective contraceptives, but will not protect you against STIs.
Acknowledgements
Sexual Health and Blood-borne Virus Program, Public Health
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